CHANGE CHANGE CHANGE
ADOLESCENCE IS A TIME OF CHANGE
(but how can we measure this?)
Contents and resources for the EARA 2009 Methodology Workshop, part 'Longitudinal Analyses', organized by EARA, and with much pleasure offered to the participants of this workshop (or anyone else that's interested) by Wim Beyers (© 2009).
Slides/handouts: Workshop EARA2009 Longitudinal Methods.pdf
Data (best is to place and/or copy the datafiles to the directory were you also put the syntaxes for the analyses; 'save target/link as')
EARADATA.SAV (raw data in SPSS)
EARADATA.XLS (a copy in Excel)
EARADATA.TXT (a copy in fixed ASCI (without labels), in raw text format)
EARADATA.DAT (same, but now with a .dat suffix, for use in for instance Lisrel (FIML) or in Mplus)
EARADATA MVA EM.SAV (data in SPSS with missings estimated and imputed using the EM algorithm)
EARADATAMIEM.DAT (same, but now with a .dat suffix, for use in Mplus)
ANTI.SAV and ANTI.DAT (data on antisocial behavior only, for use in Mplus demo version)
GPA.SAV and GPA.DAT (data on gpa only, for use in Mplus demo version)
AR CONTRA EXAMPLE.SAV (data showing that autoregressive modeling of change sometimes leads to wrong conclusions)
MVA.spo.pdf, R ANOVA.spo.pdf, MACS1.spo.pdf (SPSS outputs converted to pdf's; all described on the slides)
PARCELSANTI.cm, PARCELSANTI.ac, PARCELSANTI.me (covariances, asymptotics and means of parcels of antisocial behavior, for use in Lisrel)
earadata.cm, earadata.ac, earadata.me (covariances, asymptotic covariances and means, for use in Lisrel)
Analysis examples (downloadable syntaxes, to open in Lisrel (*.spl) or Mplus (*.inp); all described on the slides; 'save target/link as' in folders called 'Lisrel' and 'Mplus')
All Lisrel syntaxes ànd datafiles in one zip-folder lisrel.zip (extract in a folder called Lisrel)!
macs1.spl (comparison of means ànd covariances for longitudinals and dropouts at Wave 1)
ar_anti.spl (autoregressive model of change, with observed variables)
arsem_anti.spl (autoregressive model of change, with latent variables)
crosslagged.spl (crosslagged model, with observed variables)
lcm_anti.spl (Latent Change Model of antisocial behavior)
lgc_anti.spl (Latent Growth Curve model of antisocial behavior, with 'complete' estimated data)
lgc_anti-FIML.spl (Latent Growth Curve model of antisocial behavior, with missing data and the FIML approach)
lgc_anti+cov.spl (Latent Growth Curve model of antisocial behavior, with gender and support as predictors of change)
lgc_anti.inp (Latent Growth Curve model of antisocial behavior, with gender and support as predictors of change - in Mplus)
lgc_antiread.spl (Multivariate Latent Growth Curve model)
lgc_antiread+FIML.spl (Multivariate Latent Growth Curve model, with missing data and the FIML approach)
All Mplus syntaxes ànd datafiles in one zip-folder mplus.zip (extract in a folder called Mplus)!
lcga_anti2.inp (Latent Class Growth Analysis - Nagin approach, antisocial behavior, two classes)
lcga_anti3.inp (Latent Class Growth Analysis - Nagin approach, antisocial behavior, three classes)
lgmm_anti2.inp (Latent Growth Mixture Model, antisocial behavior, two classes with equal variances across classes)
lgmm_anti3.inp (Latent Growth Mixture Model, antisocial behavior, three classes with equal variances across classes)
lgmm_anti3b.inp (Latent Growth Mixture Model, antisocial behavior, three classes with equal intercept variances across classes and slope variances fixed to zero; best solution)
lgmm_anti2free.inp (Latent Growth Mixture Model, antisocial behavior, two classes with free variances across classes)
lgmm_anti3free.inp (Latent Growth Mixture Model, antisocial behavior, three classes with free variances across classes)
Key Literature (articles are available as pdf's, on request)
Defining time and choosing intervals
Rueter, M. A., & Conger, R. D. (1998). Reciprocal influences between parenting and adolescent problem-solving behavior. Developmental Psychology, 34, 1470-1482.
Missing data and how to handle them
Little, T. D., Lindenberger, U., & Maier, H. (2000). Selectivity and generalizability in longitudinal research: On the effects of continuers and dropouts. In T. D. Little, K. U. Schnabel, & J. Baumert (Eds.), Modeling longitudinal and multilevel data: Practical issues, applied approaches, and specific examples (pp. 187-200). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Schafer, J. L., & Graham, J. W. (2002). Missing data: Our view of the state of the art. Psychological Methods, 7, 147-177.
Wothke, W. (2000). Longitudinal and multigroup modeling with missing data. In T. D. Little, K. U. Schnabel, & J. Baumert (Eds.), Modeling longitudinal and multilevel data: Practical issues, applied approaches, and specific examples (pp. 219-240). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Latent Change Model (LCM)
McArdle, J. J., & Nesselroade, J. R. (1994). Structuring data to study development and change. In S. H. Cohen & H. W. Reese (Eds.), Life-span developmental psychology: Methodological innovations (pp. 223-268). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Hertzog, C., & Nesselroade, J. R. (2003). Assessing psychological change in adulthood: An overview of methodological issues. Psychology and Aging, 18, 639-657.
Latent Growth Curve modeling (LGCM)
Willett, J. B., & Sayer, A. G. (1994). Using covariance structure analysis to detect correlates and predictors of individual change over time. Psychological Bulletin, 116, 363-381.
Duncan, T. E., Duncan, S. C., & Stoolmiller, M. (1994). Modeling developmental processes using latent growth structural equation methodology. Applied Psychological Measurement, 18, 343-354.
McArdle, J. J., & Nesselroade, J. R. (2002). Growth curve analysis in contemporary psychological research. In J. Schinka & W. Velicer (Eds.), Comprehensive handbook of psychology (Vol. 2): Research methods in psychology (pp. 447-480). New York: Wiley.
Latent Class Growth Analysis (LCGA)
Nagin, D. S. (1999). Analyzing developmental trajectories: A semiparametric group-based approach. Psychological Methods, 4, 139-157.
Nagin, D. S. (2001). Analyzing developmental trajectories of distinct but related behaviors: A group-based method. Psychological Methods, 6, 18-34.
Latent Growth Mixture Modeling (LGMM)
Muthén, B. (2001). Second-generation structural equation modeling with a combination of categorical and continuous latent variables. In L. M. Collins & A. G. Sayer (Eds.), New methods for the analysis of change (pp. 291-322). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Muthén, B. (2004). Latent variable analysis: Growth mixture modeling and related techniques for longitudinal data. In D. Kaplan (Ed.), Handbook of quantitative methodology for the social sciences (pp. 345-368). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.