Home > Movie gallery
On this webpage, you can view and download a collection of movies about our current research. More pictures and photographs can be found in our slideshow.
All movies have been saved in the .AVI format, using the Cinepak video codec for compression. This video codec has been chosen because its widespread support by Windows Media Player and Apple QuickTime Player. If the .AVI files are not playing in your media player, you can download the Cinepak codec for free from http://www.free-codecs.com/download/Cinepak_Codec.htm.
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Bottom slamming test on filament wound composite buoy [4 MB] A filament wound composite buoy (diameter and height about 1.8 metres) is dropped onto a calm water surface to simulate bottom slamming. Slamming is the technical term for wave impacts with a short duration and high peak pressures on a floating/sailing structure. The buoy was instrumented with pressure sensors, accelerometers and strain gauges. These tests were done in the framework of the European FP6 project SEEWEC. |
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Lateral slamming of filament wound composite buoy [3.7 MB] Another filament wound composite buoy (same dimensions) was dropped onto the water surface. This configuration simulated lateral slamming (or breaking wave slamming). For this geometry, lateral slamming is far more severe than bottom slamming. In these tests, the effect of the deformability of the structure on the peak pressures was also assessed. |
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High-speed recording of slamming of hollow filament wound cylinder [1.2 MB] A hollow filament wound cylinder is slammed onto the water surface in a laboratory set-up. The cylinder was made very deformable on purpose, and the measured peak pressures and strains were compared with those in a quasi-rigid cylinder, this again to assess the effect of the deformability of the structure on the peak pressures. |
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FEM simulation of slamming of hollow filament wound cylinder (structural analysis) [0.4 MB] Fully coupled simulations of the slamming experiment of the hollow filament wound cylinder have been done with the commercial CFD code Fluent and structural code ABAQUS. The coupled simulations take care of the fluid-structure interaction and the effect of the deforming structure on the peak pressures in the water and vicev versa. This movie shows the deformation of the structural part in ABAQUS. The Tsai-Wu measure (a failure index for composite materials) is shown. |
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FEM simulation of slamming of hollow filament wound cylinder (CFD analysis) [0.4 MB] This movie shows the same fully coupled simulation of the slamming experiment of the hollow filament wound cylinder, but this time the result in the CFD code Fluent. The red area is air, and the yellow area is water. The water jet that is formed at the bottom of the cylinder, can be clearly seen. |
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Peak pressures in slamming of rigid cone on the water [0.3 MB] This CFD simulation in Fluent shows the distribution of the peak pressures when a rigid cone is slamming onto the water surface. The peak pressures are clearly very localized and travel very fast along the contact surface. |
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Water uprise in slamming of rigid cone on the water [0.2 MB] For the same CFD simulation, the water uprise is shown along the rigid cone. The red area is representing air, the yellow air the water. A volume-of-fluid (VOF) technique was used to reconstruct the water surface. |
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Bird strike test on riveted aluminium plate [1 MB] This movie shows the effect of the impact of a bird on a riveted aluminium plate. The high-speed camera is mounted on the roof of the impact chamber. Basically, you are looking in top view on the experiment. The bird is coming from the left, and you see the top edge of the clamping frame. Behind that clamping frame, a mirror is mounted under 45 degrees, and in the camera view, you see the back side of the aluminium plate through the mirror. In the mirror view, you clearly see the rivets and the grid applied to the aluminium plate. |
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Bird strike test on riveted carbon thermoplastic composite plate [1.2 MB] The same test with the same camera position is repeated for a riveted composite plate. The behaviour is much more elastic, with large deflections and vibrations, but quasi-zero permanent out-of-plane deformation of the plate. |
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Projection moire measurements of bird strike test on composite plate [0.6 MB] In this movie, the camera is positioned to view the back side of the impacted plate. The bird is coming from behind. Moire grating lines are projected onto the back side of the composite plate. During the bird strike impact, the deflection of the grating lines gives information about the instantaneous out-of-plane displacements. In this case, a higher impact speed was used and the bird is penetrating the plate. This movie clearly shows that if the speed is high enough, the plate is already penetrated by the bird before the boundaries of the plate "feel" the impact. |
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Projection moire measurements of bird strike test on composite plate (optimized
contrast and brightness) [0.7 MB] The recording conditions for such a projection moire set-up are very stringent. The frame rate of the high-speed camera is about 12 000 frames per second, and the diaphragm should be closed as much as possible to have a large depth of focus. Therefore, the captured light on the CCD of the high speed camera is very small and the original movie is very dark. This movie has been processed and contrast and brightness have been adjusted to generate a more clear view. |
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Processed projection moire results of bird strike test on composite plate [0.1 MB] After applying Windowed Fourier Transform, the projection moire images can be converted to out-of-plane displacements. This movie shows the 3D plot of the instantaneous out-of-plane displacements during the bird strike impact of a composite plate. The phase unwrapping is very difficult in this case, due to the large number of discontinuities in the phase field. |
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Bird strike test on aluminium plate with geometric moire [1.5 MB] In this movie, the camera set-up is very similar. You are looking again in top view on the experiment. The bird is coming from the top of the image, and you see the top edge of the clamping frame. Behind that clamping frame, a mirror is mounted under 45 degrees, and in the camera view, you see the back side of the aluminium plate through the mirror. In the mirror view, you clearly see the rivets and the moire lines applied to the aluminium plate. In this experiment, geometric moire is applied, because the grating lines are not projected, but drawn on the back side of the plate. |
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Example of blurring due to fast rotating carding wheel [0.4 MB] This movie just shows the need for depth of focus when recording very fast processes with a high-speed camera. The carding wheel is passing through the image with a very high speed. Only in a few frames of the movie, the carding knife is in focus. An additional effect is blurring. Due to the very high speed of the carding wheel, the wheel is moving too much during the time that the shutter of the high speed camera is open. |
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FEM simulation of axial crushing of metal can under blast loading [1.4 MB] This movie shows a finite element simulation of a blast loading on a metal can. The commercial finite element code ABAQUS/Explicit was used here. This experiment is only a demonstration case for the blast loading on composite tubes. The detonation of the blast charge is not simulated here, but the experimentally measured pressure profile on the top plate is imposed as a boundary condition in the simulation. The maximum deformation length and deformation pattern match very well with the experiments. |
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Axial crushing of pultruded circular composite tube under drop weight impact [1.1 MB] This movie shows the axial impact and consequently crushing of a pultruded composite tube with circular cross-section. A steel mass of 80 kg is falling from 5 metres, with the small composite tube attached to its bottom. As you can see, the mass is decelerated in a very smooth way and there is almost no rebounce, which means that almost all energy has been absorbed by the crushing of the composite tube. |
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Axial crushing of pultruded square composite tube under drop weight impact [1.2 MB] This movie shows the axial impact and consequently crushing of a pultruded composite tube with square cross-section. A steel mass of 80 kg is now falling from 8 metres, with the small composite tube attached to its bottom. As you can see, the mass is again decelerated in a very smooth way and there is almost no rebounce, which means that almost all energy has been absorbed by the crushing of the composite tube. |
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Axial crushing of metal can under drop weight impact [0.9 MB] In this movie, a cola can is crushed in a lab-scale drop weight set-up. Again, this demonstration case was mainly used to calibrate the set-up and extend the measurement facilities. This drop weight set-up is equipped with a dynamic force sensor, accelerometer, inductive displacement sensor, strain gauges and high speed camera, and all signals are sampled on the same time basis. That means that instantaneous force, deceleration, position, strain and global deformation can be captured all at the same time. |
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Axial crushing of metal can under drop weight impact (digital image correlation) [0.9 MB] In this movie, the cola can and impactor on top have been sprayed with a speckle pattern to apply Digital Image Correlation (DIC). This procedure has been developed, amongst other reasons, to verify the derived speed and dynamic contact force, calculated from the DIC measurements, with the readings from the force sensor and inductive displacement sensor. The measurements appear to match perfectly. |
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Impact of hemispheric steel impactor on circular glass plate [0.9 MB] In this movie, the same lab-scale drop weight set-up is used to impact glass plates with and without security film. Through a mirror in the base support of the drop weight set-up, you look to the back side of the glass plate. In the first frames of the movie, you can see through the glass plate the circular indentor of the impactor coming from behind. You cannot really see the cracks in the glass propagating with small increments, because the travelling speed of the cracks is so large, that you need a very high frame rate (around 100 000 fps), but then the resolution is very limited and you do not have a field view of what is happening. |
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Projection moire measurement of impact of foam impactor on circular
glass plate with safety film applied [1.5 MB] This movie shows a recording of the impact of glass plate retrofitted with security film, by a steel impactor. The glass plate has a much larger diameter now, and you can only see a sector of the circular plate, from the edge of the circular support till a little bit beyond the centre of the plate. Again, projection moire is used to measure the instantaneous out-of-plane displacements. |
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Pendulum impact of inflated tyre on large glass panel with safety film applied
(EN12600 standard for human impact) [1.8 MB] In this movie, the impact of a large glass pane (2 m x 1 m) with security film is shown. In this standardized EN 12600 set-up, two inflated rubber tyres are used as an impactor, and they should simulate "human impact" onto the glass window (e.g. by accidentally walking into a glass door or falling into a glass window). The camera is positioned to view the back side of the glass plate, and through the glass, you see the rubber impactor approaching the glass pane. |
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Micro-tomography of three stacked 5-harness satin weave carbon fabric composites (lateral cross-cut) [0.8 MB] This movie shows a lateral cross-cut of three laminates (taped together) of a 5-harness satin weave composite, measured with micro-tomography. |
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Micro-tomography of three stacked 5-harness satin weave carbon fabric composites (top-bottom cross-cut)[0.9 MB] This movie shows a top-bottom cross-cut of the same three laminates (taped together) of a 5-harness satin weave composite, measured with micro-tomography. |
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Longitudinal strain eps_xx in a stack of 4 unit cells of a 5-harness carbon satin weave textile composite [0.7 MB] This movie shows a top view of a stack of 4 unit cells of a 5-harness carbon satin weave composite, loaded in uniaxial tension. The strain eps_xx in the loading direction is shown on the free top surface. The local strain variations inside the unit cell can be clearly seen. |
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Transverse damage in a stack of 4 unit cells of a 5-harness carbon satin weave textile composite [0.6 MB] This movie shows a 3D view of the same stack of 4 unit cells of a 5-harness carbon satin weave composite, loaded in uniaxial tension. This time, the directional damage is taken into account. As expected from the local strain variations, the damage initates first in the transverse yarns. |
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Transverse damage in a stack of 8 unit cells of a 5-harness carbon satin weave textile composite [0.6 MB] This movie shows a 3D view of a stack of 8 unit cells of a 5-harness carbon satin weave composite, loaded in uniaxial tension. Again the directional damage is shown. Different stacks were studied to assess the effect of perodic boundary conditions, symmetry conditions and free surface effects. |
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Frictional contact between rigid pin and composite plate (top-bottom cross-cut)[0.5 MB] Finite element simulation of the sliding contact of a rigid pin on a composite plate. In many cases, the through-the-thickness stiffness of a composite bearing is quite low and the contact stress distribution cannot be modelled anymore by Hertzian contact formulas. |
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Simulation of penetration of PET security film by rigid impactor [0.7 MB] This movie shows the penetration of a PET security film by a rigid impactor. This simulation fits into the research on impact of glass retrofitted with safety film. In order to characterize the security film separately, drop tests were also done on individual film sheets. |
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Simulation of penetration of PET security film by rigid impactor - sideview [0.4 MB] This movie shows the penetration of the same PET security film by a rigid impactor, but this time in side view. This simulation fits into the research on impact of glass retrofitted with safety film. In order to characterize the security film separately, drop tests were also done on individual film sheets. |
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Penetration of window glass retrofitted with security film by a rigid impactor [0.7 MB] This movie shows a combined simulation of the impact of a glass plate retrofitted with safety film, by a rigid impactor. The model of the glass (with brittle damage model), the adhesive layer (with cohesive elements) and the safety film (with elastic-plastic-ductile tearing) are combined to simulate the drop weight impact. |